The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H23/2 - H13/2)
During the opening of a valve in a pipe line, the flow is
In axial flow fans and turbines, fluid enters and leaves as follows