The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (whereH1 = H + Ha = Total height of water above the weir, H = Height of water over the crest of the weir, and Ha = Height of water due to velocity of approach)
(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H13/2 - Ha3/2]
During the opening of a valve in a pipe line, the flow is
In axial flow fans and turbines, fluid enters and leaves as follows