The tractive force in a locomotive with two cylinders is given by (where c = Fraction of reciprocating parts per cylinder, m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, and θ = Angle of inclination of crank to the line of stroke)
(1 - c).m.ω².r (cosθ - sinθ)
When the two elements of a pair have __________ when in motion, it is said to a lower pair.
A combination of kinematic pairs, joined in such a way that the relative motion between the links is completely constrained, is called a